What medical condition does the term "atelectasis" describe?

Atelectasis refers specifically to the collapse or incomplete expansion of the lung, which can occur in part of a lung or the entire lung. This condition can result from various factors, such as airway obstruction, lack of surfactant, or external pressures on the lung.

When atelectasis occurs, the affected lung tissue can no longer participate effectively in gas exchange, leading to reduced oxygenation and potential respiratory distress. Understanding this term is crucial for respiratory therapists, as they need to assess, manage, and treat patients who may be experiencing this condition.

Other options represent different respiratory issues: inflammation of the lungs relates to conditions like pneumonia, bronchial constriction pertains to asthma or COPD, and fluid accumulation in the lungs can signify pulmonary edema. Each of these conditions has distinct causes and implications for patient care, highlighting the importance of accurately identifying atelectasis for effective treatment and intervention.